Authorship Criteria

The IJLECR (International Journal of Language Education and Cultural Review) is committed to promoting transparency, accountability, fairness, and integrity in scholarly publishing. The journal establishes its authorship policy based on the ethical principles and guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT). Authorship must accurately reflect the intellectual contributions of individuals involved in the research and manuscript preparation. All listed authors must have made meaningful contributions to the scholarly work, approved the manuscript for publication, and accepted responsibility for their respective contributions.

1. Authorship Eligibility

Authorship should be granted only to individuals who have made substantial intellectual contributions to the research and manuscript. In accordance with COPE principles, authorship decisions must be transparent, fair, and mutually agreed upon by all contributors. Individuals listed as authors should have participated meaningfully in the research process, including research conceptualization, methodology development, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, or critical revision. All authors must approve the final manuscript and accept accountability for the integrity and accuracy of their contributions. Individuals whose contributions do not justify authorship should be appropriately acknowledged.

2. Author Contributions Based on CRediT

IJLECR encourages authors to disclose their individual contributions using the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to ensure transparency and recognition of scholarly contributions. The CRediT taxonomy identifies 14 contributor roles:

Conceptualization: Formulation or development of overarching research goals and objectives.
Data Curation: Management, annotation, and maintenance of research data for initial use and subsequent reuse.
Formal Analysis: Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze research data.
Funding Acquisition: Acquisition of financial support for the research project.
Investigation: Conducting research activities, experiments, or data collection.
Methodology: Development or design of research methods and analytical approaches.
Project Administration: Management and coordination of research planning and implementation.
Resources: Provision of research materials, instruments, participants, or other necessary resources.
Software: Development, implementation, or testing of software used in the research.
Supervision: Oversight, leadership, and guidance of research activities.
Validation: Verification of research results, methods, and reproducibility.
Visualization: Preparation and presentation of research data through figures, tables, or other visual representations.
Writing – Original Draft: Preparation and writing of the initial manuscript.
Writing – Review & Editing: Critical review, revision, and improvement of the manuscript.

Each author may be assigned multiple contributor roles, and each role may be shared by several authors. CRediT contribution statements must accurately describe the work performed. Assignment of a CRediT role does not automatically establish eligibility for authorship; authorship decisions remain subject to the journal's ethical criteria.

3. Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The Corresponding Author is the author designated to serve as the primary contact between the authors and the IJLECR editorial office throughout manuscript submission, peer review, revision, publication, and post-publication communication. The corresponding author must fulfill the following responsibilities:

Manuscript Submission: Submit the manuscript through the IJLECR online submission system and ensure compliance with the journal's author guidelines, ethical policies, and manuscript preparation requirements.
Authorship Verification: Confirm that all listed authors have made appropriate scholarly contributions, agreed to their authorship status and order, and approved the manuscript before submission.
Editorial Communication: Serve as the primary contact for all editorial correspondence, including reviewer comments, revision requests, editorial decisions, and publication-related inquiries.
Revision Coordination: Communicate reviewers' and editors' recommendations to all co-authors and coordinate the preparation, verification, and submission of revised manuscripts.
Research Integrity: Coordinate the disclosure of relevant ethical information, including conflicts of interest, funding sources, research ethics approvals where applicable, and author contribution statements.
Final Manuscript Approval: Ensure that all co-authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript before publication.
Publication Documentation: Coordinate the completion of required publication documents, including authorship declarations, copyright agreements, and licensing information.
Post-Publication Responsibility: Remain available to respond to reasonable inquiries regarding the published article and cooperate with the editorial office in addressing corrections, clarifications, or concerns about research integrity.

The corresponding author does not automatically hold greater intellectual ownership or authority than other co-authors. All authors share responsibility for the integrity of their scholarly contributions, while the corresponding author assumes primary responsibility for coordinating communication and ensuring that editorial requirements are fulfilled.

4. Authorship Order and Changes

The order of authors must be determined through mutual agreement among all authors before manuscript submission. IJLECR recognizes that authorship order may reflect disciplinary conventions and the relative contributions of researchers. Any request to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be submitted by the corresponding author with a clear explanation and written consent from all affected authors. The editorial team may request supporting documentation and will evaluate such requests in accordance with relevant COPE guidance. Authorship changes after publication may require a formal correction and appropriate documentation.

5. Acknowledgments and Non-Author Contributions

Individuals who contribute to the research but do not qualify for authorship should be recognized in the Acknowledgments section, subject to their consent. Such contributions may include administrative assistance, technical support, proofreading, language editing, or other supporting activities. Funding acquisition, general supervision, or administrative support alone does not automatically justify authorship. IJLECR encourages accurate acknowledgment of all contributions while maintaining a clear distinction between authorship and non-author contributions.

6. Prevention of Authorship Misconduct

IJLECR does not tolerate unethical authorship practices, including gift authorship, guest authorship, ghost authorship, and unauthorized changes to authorship. All individuals who qualify for authorship should be appropriately credited, while individuals who have not made qualifying contributions must not be included solely because of their academic position, institutional authority, or professional relationship. Suspected authorship misconduct will be assessed in accordance with COPE guidance. Where necessary, IJLECR may request clarification from the authors, seek information from relevant institutions, suspend editorial processing, or take appropriate corrective action.

7. Authorship Disputes and Resolution

Authorship disagreements should initially be addressed through transparent communication among the authors. When disputes cannot be resolved internally, the authors should seek assistance from their affiliated institutions. IJLECR may request written statements, contributor declarations, or other supporting documentation to clarify authorship concerns. Since journal editors are generally not responsible for determining the factual basis of competing authorship claims, unresolved disputes may be referred to the relevant institutions for investigation. Editorial decisions will be guided by COPE principles of fairness, transparency, and publication integrity.

8. Authorship Declaration

During manuscript submission, the corresponding author must confirm that all listed authors have agreed to the submission, approved the manuscript, and accepted their respective responsibilities. Authors are encouraged to provide a CRediT-based contribution statement specifying each individual's role in the research and manuscript preparation. Any changes to authorship information must be communicated promptly to the editorial office and supported by the agreement of all relevant authors.