Correction and Retraction

The IJLECR (International Journal of Language Education and Cultural Review ) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, reliability, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. In accordance with the principles and guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), IJLECR establishes procedures for addressing errors, inaccuracies, ethical concerns, and research misconduct identified in published articles. The journal recognizes that corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions are essential mechanisms for preserving the credibility of scholarly publications. All post-publication concerns will be evaluated fairly, transparently, and objectively, with appropriate opportunities for authors and other relevant parties to provide clarification or supporting evidence.

1. Corrections

IJLECR may issue a formal correction when errors are identified in a published article that affect its accuracy, interpretation, or scholarly presentation but do not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions. Corrections may involve inaccuracies in data presentation, statistical calculations, figures, tables, methodological descriptions, author information, or other relevant aspects of the published work. The editorial team will assess the nature and significance of the reported errors and determine whether a correction is necessary. When a correction is issued, a clearly identified correction notice will be published, linked to the original article, and assigned a DOI where appropriate. The original article will remain accessible, with a clear indication that a correction has been published.

2. Retractions

IJLECR may retract a published article when reliable evidence demonstrates that its findings or conclusions are fundamentally unreliable or that serious violations of research and publication ethics have occurred. Grounds for retraction may include data fabrication or falsification, plagiarism, unethical research practices, unauthorized use of copyrighted materials, redundant or duplicate publication, compromised peer review, or other substantial breaches of publication integrity. Retraction may also be warranted when major errors invalidate the research findings, even in the absence of intentional misconduct. Retraction decisions will be based on documented evidence and relevant COPE guidance rather than solely on allegations or automated screening results.

3. Retraction Procedures

When a potential reason for retraction is identified, the IJLECR editorial team will conduct an initial assessment of the available evidence. The corresponding author and relevant co-authors will be contacted and given an opportunity to provide explanations, clarifications, or supporting documentation. Where necessary, the journal may consult independent experts, institutional research integrity officers, or other relevant authorities. Following a fair and evidence-based evaluation, the Editor-in-Chief will determine the appropriate editorial action. If retraction is justified, IJLECR will publish a formal retraction notice explaining the reasons for the decision, identifying the party responsible for the retraction, and linking the notice to the original article. Retraction notices will be made freely accessible to readers.

4. Expressions of Concern

IJLECR may publish an Expression of Concern when serious questions arise regarding the reliability, ethical compliance, or integrity of a published article, but the available evidence is insufficient to justify an immediate correction or retraction. An Expression of Concern may be appropriate when an investigation is ongoing, when relevant institutions have not provided conclusive findings, or when substantial concerns remain unresolved. The notice will clearly identify the article and explain the nature of the concerns without making unsupported conclusions. Once sufficient information becomes available, the journal may update the notice or take further action, including issuing a correction or retraction when warranted.

5. Article Withdrawal and Removal

IJLECR distinguishes between manuscript withdrawal before publication and article removal after publication. Authors may request withdrawal of a manuscript before publication by providing a written explanation to the editorial office. Such requests will be evaluated according to the manuscript's editorial status and the journal's ethical procedures. Published articles will not ordinarily be removed from the journal's website, even when retracted, because maintaining the scholarly record is essential for transparency and accountability. In exceptional circumstances involving legal requirements, serious privacy violations, or substantial risks to individuals, the journal may restrict access to or remove specific content while preserving appropriate bibliographic information and an explanatory notice whenever possible.

6. Transparency and Preservation of the Scholarly Record

All corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions will be clearly identified and appropriately linked to the original publications. Retracted articles will remain accessible whenever legally and ethically permissible and will be prominently marked as "Retracted" to prevent readers from mistakenly relying on invalidated findings. IJLECR will maintain accurate article metadata and update relevant indexing services and DOI registration records where applicable. Retraction notices will state the reasons for retraction clearly and distinguish between honest errors and research misconduct when supported by the evidence.

7. Author Responsibilities

Authors are responsible for promptly notifying the IJLECR editorial office when they discover significant errors, inaccuracies, or ethical concerns in their published work. The corresponding author must coordinate communication among co-authors and cooperate with editorial requests for clarification, documentation, or corrective action. Authors are expected to participate constructively in investigations and support necessary corrections or retractions to maintain the integrity of the scholarly record. Failure to cooperate may be considered during editorial assessment but will not prevent the journal from taking appropriate action when sufficient evidence is available.

8. Editorial Responsibilities and Decision-Making

The Editor-in-Chief, supported by the Managing Editor and relevant editorial board members, is responsible for ensuring that correction and retraction procedures are implemented fairly, consistently, and in accordance with COPE guidance. Editorial decisions must be based on the reliability of the published research, the significance of identified errors, and the available evidence. Decisions must remain independent of commercial, institutional, personal, or other inappropriate influences. The journal will provide reasonable opportunities for affected parties to respond while prioritizing the accuracy and integrity of the published scholarly record.

9. Reporting Errors and Publication Concerns

Readers, researchers, authors, reviewers, and other stakeholders are encouraged to report suspected errors, research misconduct, or publication ethics concerns involving articles published in IJLECR. Reports should identify the relevant article, including its title, author(s), publication details, and DOI, where available, and provide a clear explanation supported by relevant evidence. All reports will be reviewed by the editorial team, and confidentiality will be maintained where appropriate. Individuals wishing to report concerns may contact the editorial office through the journal's official email address.

Editorial Office
Doctoral Program in Applied Linguistics
Bung Hatta Building, 4th Floor
Pascasarjana, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Rawamangun Muka Street, Jakarta 13220

Email: ijlecr@unj.ac.id
Website: https://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/ijlecr