Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Berorientasi Kebekerjaan Luar Negeri: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This study aims to identify trends and research gaps related to vocational high school education oriented toward overseas employment over the past ten years. The method used was a systematic literature review, examining national and international indexed scientific publications from 2015–2024, using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure data relevance and validity. The results indicate a shift in focus from improving internal quality to strengthening the relevance of vocational education to global market needs through curriculum synchronization, employability skills development, and strengthening digital and entrepreneurial competencies. However, research gaps remain, including a lack of studies on the global orientation of vocational education, the effectiveness of cross-border link-and-match programs, longitudinal studies on graduate career sustainability, and policies on the internationalization of vocational education in Indonesia. These findings provide a foundation for developing an internationally standardized vocational education model and provide a direction for further research that supports increased global competitiveness.