Model Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah Katolik (2010 -2025): Sebuah Tinjauan Systematic Literature Review Berdasarkan Kerangka Lickona

Abstract

This study is grounded in the theoretical gap that conventional character education frameworks tend to be secular in orientation and have not fully captured the faith dimension and spiritual praxis that form the core of Catholic education. The research aims to develop a conceptual model of character education in Catholic schools by integrating Thomas Lickona’s framework: moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action with the values of Catholic spirituality and faith community life. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) guided by PRISMA 2020, this study analyzed 40 Scopus-indexed articles published between 2010 and 2025. The analysis involved thematic data extraction and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). The synthesis of findings produced four major themes: moral knowing (curriculum and ethical reflection), moral feeling (school liturgy and spirituality), moral action (social service and pastoral praxis), and contextual Catholic values (faith, community, service, and compassion). The results indicate that effective character formation in Catholic schools occurs when moral learning is dynamically integrated with experiences of faith and the culture of the school community. The proposed conceptual model expands Lickona’s framework by adding a transcendental dimension of faith as the moral foundation and spirituality as a bridge between moral affect and moral action. Theoretically, this model contributes to the development of faith-based character education, while practically, it offers direction for curriculum design, teacher formation, and collaborative engagement among schools, the Church, and families..